# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Convolutional layers.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from .. import backend as K
from .. import activations
from .. import initializers
from .. import regularizers
from .. import constraints
from ..engine.base_layer import Layer
from ..engine.base_layer import InputSpec
from ..utils import conv_utils
from ..utils.generic_utils import transpose_shape
from ..legacy import interfaces
# imports for backwards namespace compatibility
from .pooling import AveragePooling1D
from .pooling import AveragePooling2D
from .pooling import AveragePooling3D
from .pooling import MaxPooling1D
from .pooling import MaxPooling2D
from .pooling import MaxPooling3D
from ..legacy.layers import AtrousConvolution1D
from ..legacy.layers import AtrousConvolution2D
class _Conv(Layer):
"""Abstract nD convolution layer (private, used as implementation base).
This layer creates a convolution kernel that is convolved
with the layer input to produce a tensor of outputs.
If `use_bias` is True, a bias vector is created and added to the outputs.
Finally, if `activation` is not `None`,
it is applied to the outputs as well.
# Arguments
rank: An integer, the rank of the convolution,
e.g. "2" for 2D convolution.
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of n integers, specifying the
dimensions of the convolution window.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of n integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: One of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, ..., channels)` while `"channels_first"` corresponds to
inputs with shape `(batch, channels, ...)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: An integer or tuple/list of n integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any `strides` value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
"""
def __init__(self, rank,
filters,
kernel_size,
strides=1,
padding='valid',
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=1,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(_Conv, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.rank = rank
self.filters = filters
self.kernel_size = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(kernel_size, rank,
'kernel_size')
self.strides = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(strides, rank, 'strides')
self.padding = conv_utils.normalize_padding(padding)
self.data_format = K.normalize_data_format(data_format)
self.dilation_rate = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(dilation_rate, rank,
'dilation_rate')
self.activation = activations.get(activation)
self.use_bias = use_bias
self.kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)
self.kernel_regularizer = regularizers.get(kernel_regularizer)
self.bias_regularizer = regularizers.get(bias_regularizer)
self.activity_regularizer = regularizers.get(activity_regularizer)
self.kernel_constraint = constraints.get(kernel_constraint)
self.bias_constraint = constraints.get(bias_constraint)
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=self.rank + 2)
def build(self, input_shape):
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
channel_axis = 1
else:
channel_axis = -1
if input_shape[channel_axis] is None:
raise ValueError('The channel dimension of the inputs '
'should be defined. Found `None`.')
input_dim = input_shape[channel_axis]
kernel_shape = self.kernel_size + (input_dim, self.filters)
self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=kernel_shape,
initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
name='kernel',
regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
if self.use_bias:
self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.filters,),
initializer=self.bias_initializer,
name='bias',
regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
constraint=self.bias_constraint)
else:
self.bias = None
# Set input spec.
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=self.rank + 2,
axes={channel_axis: input_dim})
self.built = True
def call(self, inputs):
if self.rank == 1:
outputs = K.conv1d(
inputs,
self.kernel,
strides=self.strides[0],
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate[0])
if self.rank == 2:
outputs = K.conv2d(
inputs,
self.kernel,
strides=self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate)
if self.rank == 3:
outputs = K.conv3d(
inputs,
self.kernel,
strides=self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate)
if self.use_bias:
outputs = K.bias_add(
outputs,
self.bias,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.activation is not None:
return self.activation(outputs)
return outputs
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
if self.data_format == 'channels_last':
space = input_shape[1:-1]
new_space = []
for i in range(len(space)):
new_dim = conv_utils.conv_output_length(
space[i],
self.kernel_size[i],
padding=self.padding,
stride=self.strides[i],
dilation=self.dilation_rate[i])
new_space.append(new_dim)
return (input_shape[0],) + tuple(new_space) + (self.filters,)
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
space = input_shape[2:]
new_space = []
for i in range(len(space)):
new_dim = conv_utils.conv_output_length(
space[i],
self.kernel_size[i],
padding=self.padding,
stride=self.strides[i],
dilation=self.dilation_rate[i])
new_space.append(new_dim)
return (input_shape[0], self.filters) + tuple(new_space)
def get_config(self):
config = {
'rank': self.rank,
'filters': self.filters,
'kernel_size': self.kernel_size,
'strides': self.strides,
'padding': self.padding,
'data_format': self.data_format,
'dilation_rate': self.dilation_rate,
'activation': activations.serialize(self.activation),
'use_bias': self.use_bias,
'kernel_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.kernel_initializer),
'bias_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.bias_initializer),
'kernel_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.kernel_regularizer),
'bias_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.bias_regularizer),
'activity_regularizer':
regularizers.serialize(self.activity_regularizer),
'kernel_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.kernel_constraint),
'bias_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.bias_constraint)
}
base_config = super(_Conv, self).get_config()
return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))
class Conv1D(_Conv):
"""1D convolution layer (e.g. temporal convolution).
This layer creates a convolution kernel that is convolved
with the layer input over a single spatial (or temporal) dimension
to produce a tensor of outputs.
If `use_bias` is True, a bias vector is created and added to the outputs.
Finally, if `activation` is not `None`,
it is applied to the outputs as well.
When using this layer as the first layer in a model,
provide an `input_shape` argument
(tuple of integers or `None`, e.g.
`(10, 128)` for sequences of 10 vectors of 128-dimensional vectors,
or `(None, 128)` for variable-length sequences of 128-dimensional vectors.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of a single integer,
specifying the length of the 1D convolution window.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of a single integer,
specifying the stride length of the convolution.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: One of `"valid"`, `"causal"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
`"valid"` means "no padding".
`"same"` results in padding the input such that
the output has the same length as the original input.
`"causal"` results in causal (dilated) convolutions,
e.g. `output[t]` does not depend on `input[t + 1:]`.
A zero padding is used such that
the output has the same length as the original input.
Useful when modeling temporal data where the model
should not violate the temporal order. See
[WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio, section 2.1]
(https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03499).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` (default) or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, steps, channels)`
(default format for temporal data in Keras)
while `"channels_first"` corresponds to inputs
with shape `(batch, channels, steps)`.
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of a single integer, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any `strides` value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
3D tensor with shape: `(batch, steps, channels)`
# Output shape
3D tensor with shape: `(batch, new_steps, filters)`
`steps` value might have changed due to padding or strides.
"""
@interfaces.legacy_conv1d_support
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=1,
padding='valid',
data_format='channels_last',
dilation_rate=1,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
if padding == 'causal':
if data_format != 'channels_last':
raise ValueError('When using causal padding in `Conv1D`, '
'`data_format` must be "channels_last" '
'(temporal data).')
super(Conv1D, self).__init__(
rank=1,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
kernel_initializer=kernel_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
kernel_regularizer=kernel_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
kernel_constraint=kernel_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
def get_config(self):
config = super(Conv1D, self).get_config()
config.pop('rank')
return config
class Conv2D(_Conv):
"""2D convolution layer (e.g. spatial convolution over images).
This layer creates a convolution kernel that is convolved
with the layer input to produce a tensor of
outputs. If `use_bias` is True,
a bias vector is created and added to the outputs. Finally, if
`activation` is not `None`, it is applied to the outputs as well.
When using this layer as the first layer in a model,
provide the keyword argument `input_shape`
(tuple of integers, does not include the sample axis),
e.g. `input_shape=(128, 128, 3)` for 128x128 RGB pictures
in `data_format="channels_last"`.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
height and width of the 2D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
Note that `"same"` is slightly inconsistent across backends with
`strides` != 1, as described
[here](https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/9473#issuecomment-372166860)
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any stride value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
"""
@interfaces.legacy_conv2d_support
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1),
padding='valid',
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=(1, 1),
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(Conv2D, self).__init__(
rank=2,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
kernel_initializer=kernel_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
kernel_regularizer=kernel_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
kernel_constraint=kernel_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
def get_config(self):
config = super(Conv2D, self).get_config()
config.pop('rank')
return config
class Conv3D(_Conv):
"""3D convolution layer (e.g. spatial convolution over volumes).
This layer creates a convolution kernel that is convolved
with the layer input to produce a tensor of
outputs. If `use_bias` is True,
a bias vector is created and added to the outputs. Finally, if
`activation` is not `None`, it is applied to the outputs as well.
When using this layer as the first layer in a model,
provide the keyword argument `input_shape`
(tuple of integers, does not include the sample axis),
e.g. `input_shape=(128, 128, 128, 1)` for 128x128x128 volumes
with a single channel,
in `data_format="channels_last"`.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 3 integers, specifying the
depth, height and width of the 3D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 3 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution along each spatial dimension.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3, channels)`
while `"channels_first"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of 3 integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any stride value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, conv_dim1, conv_dim2, conv_dim3)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, conv_dim1, conv_dim2, conv_dim3, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_conv_dim1, new_conv_dim2, new_conv_dim3)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_conv_dim1, new_conv_dim2, new_conv_dim3, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`new_conv_dim1`, `new_conv_dim2` and `new_conv_dim3` values might have
changed due to padding.
"""
@interfaces.legacy_conv3d_support
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1, 1),
padding='valid',
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=(1, 1, 1),
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(Conv3D, self).__init__(
rank=3,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
kernel_initializer=kernel_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
kernel_regularizer=kernel_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
kernel_constraint=kernel_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
def get_config(self):
config = super(Conv3D, self).get_config()
config.pop('rank')
return config
class Conv2DTranspose(Conv2D):
"""Transposed convolution layer (sometimes called Deconvolution).
The need for transposed convolutions generally arises
from the desire to use a transformation going in the opposite direction
of a normal convolution, i.e., from something that has the shape of the
output of some convolution to something that has the shape of its input
while maintaining a connectivity pattern that is compatible with
said convolution.
When using this layer as the first layer in a model,
provide the keyword argument `input_shape`
(tuple of integers, does not include the sample axis),
e.g. `input_shape=(128, 128, 3)` for 128x128 RGB pictures
in `data_format="channels_last"`.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
height and width of the 2D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
output_padding: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the amount of padding along the height and width
of the output tensor.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for all
spatial dimensions.
The amount of output padding along a given dimension must be
lower than the stride along that same dimension.
If set to `None` (default), the output shape is inferred.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any stride value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
If `output_padding` is specified:
```
new_rows = ((rows - 1) * strides[0] + kernel_size[0]
- 2 * padding[0] + output_padding[0])
new_cols = ((cols - 1) * strides[1] + kernel_size[1]
- 2 * padding[1] + output_padding[1])
```
# References
- [A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning]
(https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.07285v1)
- [Deconvolutional Networks]
(http://www.matthewzeiler.com/pubs/cvpr2010/cvpr2010.pdf)
"""
@interfaces.legacy_deconv2d_support
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1),
padding='valid',
output_padding=None,
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=(1, 1),
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(Conv2DTranspose, self).__init__(
filters,
kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
kernel_initializer=kernel_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
kernel_regularizer=kernel_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
kernel_constraint=kernel_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
self.output_padding = output_padding
if self.output_padding is not None:
self.output_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(
self.output_padding, 2, 'output_padding')
for stride, out_pad in zip(self.strides, self.output_padding):
if out_pad >= stride:
raise ValueError('Stride ' + str(self.strides) + ' must be '
'greater than output padding ' +
str(self.output_padding))
def build(self, input_shape):
if len(input_shape) != 4:
raise ValueError('Inputs should have rank ' +
str(4) +
'; Received input shape:', str(input_shape))
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
channel_axis = 1
else:
channel_axis = -1
if input_shape[channel_axis] is None:
raise ValueError('The channel dimension of the inputs '
'should be defined. Found `None`.')
input_dim = input_shape[channel_axis]
kernel_shape = self.kernel_size + (self.filters, input_dim)
self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=kernel_shape,
initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
name='kernel',
regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
if self.use_bias:
self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.filters,),
initializer=self.bias_initializer,
name='bias',
regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
constraint=self.bias_constraint)
else:
self.bias = None
# Set input spec.
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=4, axes={channel_axis: input_dim})
self.built = True
def call(self, inputs):
input_shape = K.shape(inputs)
batch_size = input_shape[0]
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
h_axis, w_axis = 2, 3
else:
h_axis, w_axis = 1, 2
height, width = input_shape[h_axis], input_shape[w_axis]
kernel_h, kernel_w = self.kernel_size
stride_h, stride_w = self.strides
if self.output_padding is None:
out_pad_h = out_pad_w = None
else:
out_pad_h, out_pad_w = self.output_padding
# Infer the dynamic output shape:
out_height = conv_utils.deconv_length(height,
stride_h, kernel_h,
self.padding,
out_pad_h,
self.dilation_rate[0])
out_width = conv_utils.deconv_length(width,
stride_w, kernel_w,
self.padding,
out_pad_w,
self.dilation_rate[1])
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
output_shape = (batch_size, self.filters, out_height, out_width)
else:
output_shape = (batch_size, out_height, out_width, self.filters)
outputs = K.conv2d_transpose(
inputs,
self.kernel,
output_shape,
self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate)
if self.use_bias:
outputs = K.bias_add(
outputs,
self.bias,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.activation is not None:
return self.activation(outputs)
return outputs
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
output_shape = list(input_shape)
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
c_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 1, 2, 3
else:
c_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 3, 1, 2
kernel_h, kernel_w = self.kernel_size
stride_h, stride_w = self.strides
if self.output_padding is None:
out_pad_h = out_pad_w = None
else:
out_pad_h, out_pad_w = self.output_padding
output_shape[c_axis] = self.filters
output_shape[h_axis] = conv_utils.deconv_length(output_shape[h_axis],
stride_h,
kernel_h,
self.padding,
out_pad_h,
self.dilation_rate[0])
output_shape[w_axis] = conv_utils.deconv_length(output_shape[w_axis],
stride_w,
kernel_w,
self.padding,
out_pad_w,
self.dilation_rate[1])
return tuple(output_shape)
def get_config(self):
config = super(Conv2DTranspose, self).get_config()
config['output_padding'] = self.output_padding
return config
class Conv3DTranspose(Conv3D):
"""Transposed convolution layer (sometimes called Deconvolution).
The need for transposed convolutions generally arises
from the desire to use a transformation going in the opposite direction
of a normal convolution, i.e., from something that has the shape of the
output of some convolution to something that has the shape of its input
while maintaining a connectivity pattern that is compatible with
said convolution.
When using this layer as the first layer in a model,
provide the keyword argument `input_shape`
(tuple of integers, does not include the sample axis),
e.g. `input_shape=(128, 128, 128, 3)` for a 128x128x128 volume with 3 channels
if `data_format="channels_last"`.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 3 integers, specifying the
depth, height and width of the 3D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 3 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the depth, height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
output_padding: An integer or tuple/list of 3 integers,
specifying the amount of padding along the depth, height, and
width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for all
spatial dimensions.
The amount of output padding along a given dimension must be
lower than the stride along that same dimension.
If set to `None` (default), the output shape is inferred.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, depth, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, depth, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of 3 integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any stride value != 1.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the `kernel` weights matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, depth, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, depth, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_depth, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 5D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_depth, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`depth` and `rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
If `output_padding` is specified::
```
new_depth = ((depth - 1) * strides[0] + kernel_size[0]
- 2 * padding[0] + output_padding[0])
new_rows = ((rows - 1) * strides[1] + kernel_size[1]
- 2 * padding[1] + output_padding[1])
new_cols = ((cols - 1) * strides[2] + kernel_size[2]
- 2 * padding[2] + output_padding[2])
```
# References
- [A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning]
(https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.07285v1)
- [Deconvolutional Networks]
(http://www.matthewzeiler.com/pubs/cvpr2010/cvpr2010.pdf)
"""
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1, 1),
padding='valid',
output_padding=None,
data_format=None,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
kernel_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
kernel_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(Conv3DTranspose, self).__init__(
filters,
kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
kernel_initializer=kernel_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
kernel_regularizer=kernel_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
kernel_constraint=kernel_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
self.output_padding = output_padding
if self.output_padding is not None:
self.output_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(
self.output_padding, 3, 'output_padding')
for stride, out_pad in zip(self.strides, self.output_padding):
if out_pad >= stride:
raise ValueError('Stride ' + str(self.strides) + ' must be '
'greater than output padding ' +
str(self.output_padding))
def build(self, input_shape):
if len(input_shape) != 5:
raise ValueError('Inputs should have rank ' +
str(5) +
'; Received input shape:', str(input_shape))
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
channel_axis = 1
else:
channel_axis = -1
if input_shape[channel_axis] is None:
raise ValueError('The channel dimension of the inputs '
'should be defined. Found `None`.')
input_dim = input_shape[channel_axis]
kernel_shape = self.kernel_size + (self.filters, input_dim)
self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=kernel_shape,
initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
name='kernel',
regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
if self.use_bias:
self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.filters,),
initializer=self.bias_initializer,
name='bias',
regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
constraint=self.bias_constraint)
else:
self.bias = None
# Set input spec.
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=5, axes={channel_axis: input_dim})
self.built = True
def call(self, inputs):
input_shape = K.shape(inputs)
batch_size = input_shape[0]
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
d_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 2, 3, 4
else:
d_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 1, 2, 3
depth = input_shape[d_axis]
height = input_shape[h_axis]
width = input_shape[w_axis]
kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w = self.kernel_size
stride_d, stride_h, stride_w = self.strides
if self.output_padding is None:
out_pad_d = out_pad_h = out_pad_w = None
else:
out_pad_d, out_pad_h, out_pad_w = self.output_padding
# Infer the dynamic output shape:
out_depth = conv_utils.deconv_length(depth,
stride_d, kernel_d,
self.padding,
out_pad_d)
out_height = conv_utils.deconv_length(height,
stride_h, kernel_h,
self.padding,
out_pad_h)
out_width = conv_utils.deconv_length(width,
stride_w, kernel_w,
self.padding,
out_pad_w)
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
output_shape = (batch_size, self.filters,
out_depth, out_height, out_width)
else:
output_shape = (batch_size, out_depth,
out_height, out_width, self.filters)
outputs = K.conv3d_transpose(inputs,
self.kernel,
output_shape,
self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.use_bias:
outputs = K.bias_add(
outputs,
self.bias,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.activation is not None:
return self.activation(outputs)
return outputs
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
output_shape = list(input_shape)
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
c_axis, d_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 1, 2, 3, 4
else:
c_axis, d_axis, h_axis, w_axis = 4, 1, 2, 3
kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w = self.kernel_size
stride_d, stride_h, stride_w = self.strides
if self.output_padding is None:
out_pad_d = out_pad_h = out_pad_w = None
else:
out_pad_d, out_pad_h, out_pad_w = self.output_padding
output_shape[c_axis] = self.filters
output_shape[d_axis] = conv_utils.deconv_length(output_shape[d_axis],
stride_d,
kernel_d,
self.padding,
out_pad_d)
output_shape[h_axis] = conv_utils.deconv_length(output_shape[h_axis],
stride_h,
kernel_h,
self.padding,
out_pad_h)
output_shape[w_axis] = conv_utils.deconv_length(output_shape[w_axis],
stride_w,
kernel_w,
self.padding,
out_pad_w)
return tuple(output_shape)
def get_config(self):
config = super(Conv3DTranspose, self).get_config()
config.pop('dilation_rate')
config['output_padding'] = self.output_padding
return config
class _SeparableConv(_Conv):
"""Abstract nD depthwise separable convolution layer (private).
Separable convolutions consist in first performing
a depthwise spatial convolution
(which acts on each input channel separately)
followed by a pointwise convolution which mixes together the resulting
output channels. The `depth_multiplier` argument controls how many
output channels are generated per input channel in the depthwise step.
Intuitively, separable convolutions can be understood as
a way to factorize a convolution kernel into two smaller kernels,
or as an extreme version of an Inception block.
# Arguments
rank: An integer, the rank of the convolution,
e.g. "2" for 2D convolution.
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
height and width of the 2D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: an integer or tuple/list of n integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any stride value != 1.
depth_multiplier: The number of depthwise convolution output channels
for each input channel.
The total number of depthwise convolution output
channels will be equal to `filters_in * depth_multiplier`.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
depthwise_initializer: Initializer for the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
pointwise_initializer: Initializer for the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
depthwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
pointwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
depthwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
pointwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
"""
def __init__(self, rank,
filters,
kernel_size,
strides=1,
padding='valid',
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=1,
depth_multiplier=1,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
depthwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
pointwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
depthwise_regularizer=None,
pointwise_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
depthwise_constraint=None,
pointwise_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(_SeparableConv, self).__init__(
rank=rank,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
self.depth_multiplier = depth_multiplier
self.depthwise_initializer = initializers.get(depthwise_initializer)
self.pointwise_initializer = initializers.get(pointwise_initializer)
self.depthwise_regularizer = regularizers.get(depthwise_regularizer)
self.pointwise_regularizer = regularizers.get(pointwise_regularizer)
self.depthwise_constraint = constraints.get(depthwise_constraint)
self.pointwise_constraint = constraints.get(pointwise_constraint)
def build(self, input_shape):
if len(input_shape) < self.rank + 2:
raise ValueError('Inputs to `SeparableConv' + str(self.rank) + 'D` '
'should have rank ' + str(self.rank + 2) + '. '
'Received input shape:', str(input_shape))
channel_axis = 1 if self.data_format == 'channels_first' else -1
if input_shape[channel_axis] is None:
raise ValueError('The channel dimension of the inputs '
'should be defined. Found `None`.')
input_dim = int(input_shape[channel_axis])
depthwise_kernel_shape = (input_dim, self.depth_multiplier)
depthwise_kernel_shape = self.kernel_size + depthwise_kernel_shape
pointwise_kernel_shape = (self.depth_multiplier * input_dim, self.filters)
pointwise_kernel_shape = (1,) * self.rank + pointwise_kernel_shape
self.depthwise_kernel = self.add_weight(
shape=depthwise_kernel_shape,
initializer=self.depthwise_initializer,
name='depthwise_kernel',
regularizer=self.depthwise_regularizer,
constraint=self.depthwise_constraint)
self.pointwise_kernel = self.add_weight(
shape=pointwise_kernel_shape,
initializer=self.pointwise_initializer,
name='pointwise_kernel',
regularizer=self.pointwise_regularizer,
constraint=self.pointwise_constraint)
if self.use_bias:
self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.filters,),
initializer=self.bias_initializer,
name='bias',
regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
constraint=self.bias_constraint)
else:
self.bias = None
# Set input spec.
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=self.rank + 2,
axes={channel_axis: input_dim})
self.built = True
def call(self, inputs):
if self.rank == 1:
outputs = K.separable_conv1d(
inputs,
self.depthwise_kernel,
self.pointwise_kernel,
data_format=self.data_format,
strides=self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate)
if self.rank == 2:
outputs = K.separable_conv2d(
inputs,
self.depthwise_kernel,
self.pointwise_kernel,
data_format=self.data_format,
strides=self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate)
if self.use_bias:
outputs = K.bias_add(
outputs,
self.bias,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.activation is not None:
return self.activation(outputs)
return outputs
def get_config(self):
config = super(_SeparableConv, self).get_config()
config.pop('rank')
config.pop('kernel_initializer')
config.pop('kernel_regularizer')
config.pop('kernel_constraint')
config['depth_multiplier'] = self.depth_multiplier
config['depthwise_initializer'] = (
initializers.serialize(self.depthwise_initializer))
config['pointwise_initializer'] = (
initializers.serialize(self.pointwise_initializer))
config['depthwise_regularizer'] = (
regularizers.serialize(self.depthwise_regularizer))
config['pointwise_regularizer'] = (
regularizers.serialize(self.pointwise_regularizer))
config['depthwise_constraint'] = (
constraints.serialize(self.depthwise_constraint))
config['pointwise_constraint'] = (
constraints.serialize(self.pointwise_constraint))
return config
class SeparableConv1D(_SeparableConv):
"""Depthwise separable 1D convolution.
Separable convolutions consist in first performing
a depthwise spatial convolution
(which acts on each input channel separately)
followed by a pointwise convolution which mixes together the resulting
output channels. The `depth_multiplier` argument controls how many
output channels are generated per input channel in the depthwise step.
Intuitively, separable convolutions can be understood as
a way to factorize a convolution kernel into two smaller kernels,
or as an extreme version of an Inception block.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of single integer,
specifying the length of the 1D convolution window.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of single integer,
specifying the stride length of the convolution.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, steps, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, steps)`.
dilation_rate: An integer or tuple/list of a single integer, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any `strides` value != 1.
depth_multiplier: The number of depthwise convolution output channels
for each input channel.
The total number of depthwise convolution output
channels will be equal to `filters_in * depth_multiplier`.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
depthwise_initializer: Initializer for the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
pointwise_initializer: Initializer for the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
depthwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
pointwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
depthwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
pointwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
3D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, steps)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 3D tensor with shape:
`(batch, steps, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
3D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_steps)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 3D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_steps, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`new_steps` values might have changed due to padding or strides.
"""
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=1,
padding='valid',
data_format='channels_last',
dilation_rate=1,
depth_multiplier=1,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
depthwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
pointwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
depthwise_regularizer=None,
pointwise_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
depthwise_constraint=None,
pointwise_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(SeparableConv1D, self).__init__(
rank=1,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
depth_multiplier=depth_multiplier,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
depthwise_initializer=depthwise_initializer,
pointwise_initializer=pointwise_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
depthwise_regularizer=depthwise_regularizer,
pointwise_regularizer=pointwise_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
depthwise_constraint=depthwise_constraint,
pointwise_constraint=pointwise_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
class SeparableConv2D(_SeparableConv):
"""Depthwise separable 2D convolution.
Separable convolutions consist in first performing
a depthwise spatial convolution
(which acts on each input channel separately)
followed by a pointwise convolution which mixes together the resulting
output channels. The `depth_multiplier` argument controls how many
output channels are generated per input channel in the depthwise step.
Intuitively, separable convolutions can be understood as
a way to factorize a convolution kernel into two smaller kernels,
or as an extreme version of an Inception block.
# Arguments
filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
height and width of the 2D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
dilation_rate: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Currently, specifying any `dilation_rate` value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any `strides` value != 1.
depth_multiplier: The number of depthwise convolution output channels
for each input channel.
The total number of depthwise convolution output
channels will be equal to `filters_in * depth_multiplier`.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
depthwise_initializer: Initializer for the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
pointwise_initializer: Initializer for the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
depthwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
pointwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its "activation").
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
depthwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
pointwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the pointwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
"""
@interfaces.legacy_separable_conv2d_support
def __init__(self, filters,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1),
padding='valid',
data_format=None,
dilation_rate=(1, 1),
depth_multiplier=1,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
depthwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
pointwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
depthwise_regularizer=None,
pointwise_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
depthwise_constraint=None,
pointwise_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(SeparableConv2D, self).__init__(
rank=2,
filters=filters,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
depth_multiplier=depth_multiplier,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
depthwise_initializer=depthwise_initializer,
pointwise_initializer=pointwise_initializer,
bias_initializer=bias_initializer,
depthwise_regularizer=depthwise_regularizer,
pointwise_regularizer=pointwise_regularizer,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
depthwise_constraint=depthwise_constraint,
pointwise_constraint=pointwise_constraint,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
class DepthwiseConv2D(Conv2D):
"""Depthwise separable 2D convolution.
Depthwise Separable convolutions consists in performing
just the first step in a depthwise spatial convolution
(which acts on each input channel separately).
The `depth_multiplier` argument controls how many
output channels are generated per input channel in the depthwise step.
# Arguments
kernel_size: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
height and width of the 2D convolution window.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution
along the height and width.
Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
all spatial dimensions.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any `dilation_rate` value != 1.
padding: one of `"valid"` or `"same"` (case-insensitive).
depth_multiplier: The number of depthwise convolution output channels
for each input channel.
The total number of depthwise convolution output
channels will be equal to `filters_in * depth_multiplier`.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be 'channels_last'.
activation: Activation function to use
(see [activations](../activations.md)).
If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied
(ie. 'linear' activation: `a(x) = x`).
use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
depthwise_initializer: Initializer for the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
(see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
depthwise_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
the output of the layer (its 'activation').
(see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
depthwise_constraint: Constraint function applied to
the depthwise kernel matrix
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
(see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, filters, new_rows, new_cols)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_first"`
or 4D tensor with shape:
`(batch, new_rows, new_cols, filters)`
if `data_format` is `"channels_last"`.
`rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to padding.
"""
def __init__(self,
kernel_size,
strides=(1, 1),
padding='valid',
depth_multiplier=1,
data_format=None,
activation=None,
use_bias=True,
depthwise_initializer='glorot_uniform',
bias_initializer='zeros',
depthwise_regularizer=None,
bias_regularizer=None,
activity_regularizer=None,
depthwise_constraint=None,
bias_constraint=None,
**kwargs):
super(DepthwiseConv2D, self).__init__(
filters=None,
kernel_size=kernel_size,
strides=strides,
padding=padding,
data_format=data_format,
activation=activation,
use_bias=use_bias,
bias_regularizer=bias_regularizer,
activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
bias_constraint=bias_constraint,
**kwargs)
self.depth_multiplier = depth_multiplier
self.depthwise_initializer = initializers.get(depthwise_initializer)
self.depthwise_regularizer = regularizers.get(depthwise_regularizer)
self.depthwise_constraint = constraints.get(depthwise_constraint)
self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)
def build(self, input_shape):
if len(input_shape) < 4:
raise ValueError('Inputs to `DepthwiseConv2D` should have rank 4. '
'Received input shape:', str(input_shape))
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
channel_axis = 1
else:
channel_axis = 3
if input_shape[channel_axis] is None:
raise ValueError('The channel dimension of the inputs to '
'`DepthwiseConv2D` '
'should be defined. Found `None`.')
input_dim = int(input_shape[channel_axis])
depthwise_kernel_shape = (self.kernel_size[0],
self.kernel_size[1],
input_dim,
self.depth_multiplier)
self.depthwise_kernel = self.add_weight(
shape=depthwise_kernel_shape,
initializer=self.depthwise_initializer,
name='depthwise_kernel',
regularizer=self.depthwise_regularizer,
constraint=self.depthwise_constraint)
if self.use_bias:
self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(input_dim * self.depth_multiplier,),
initializer=self.bias_initializer,
name='bias',
regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
constraint=self.bias_constraint)
else:
self.bias = None
# Set input spec.
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=4, axes={channel_axis: input_dim})
self.built = True
def call(self, inputs, training=None):
outputs = K.depthwise_conv2d(
inputs,
self.depthwise_kernel,
strides=self.strides,
padding=self.padding,
dilation_rate=self.dilation_rate,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.use_bias:
outputs = K.bias_add(
outputs,
self.bias,
data_format=self.data_format)
if self.activation is not None:
return self.activation(outputs)
return outputs
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
rows = input_shape[2]
cols = input_shape[3]
out_filters = input_shape[1] * self.depth_multiplier
elif self.data_format == 'channels_last':
rows = input_shape[1]
cols = input_shape[2]
out_filters = input_shape[3] * self.depth_multiplier
rows = conv_utils.conv_output_length(rows, self.kernel_size[0],
self.padding,
self.strides[0])
cols = conv_utils.conv_output_length(cols, self.kernel_size[1],
self.padding,
self.strides[1])
if self.data_format == 'channels_first':
return (input_shape[0], out_filters, rows, cols)
elif self.data_format == 'channels_last':
return (input_shape[0], rows, cols, out_filters)
def get_config(self):
config = super(DepthwiseConv2D, self).get_config()
config.pop('filters')
config.pop('kernel_initializer')
config.pop('kernel_regularizer')
config.pop('kernel_constraint')
config['depth_multiplier'] = self.depth_multiplier
config['depthwise_initializer'] = (
initializers.serialize(self.depthwise_initializer))
config['depthwise_regularizer'] = (
regularizers.serialize(self.depthwise_regularizer))
config['depthwise_constraint'] = (
constraints.serialize(self.depthwise_constraint))
return config
class _UpSampling(Layer):
"""Abstract nD UpSampling layer (private, used as implementation base).
# Arguments
size: Tuple of ints.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, ..., channels)` while `"channels_first"` corresponds to
inputs with shape `(batch, channels, ...)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
"""
def __init__(self, size, data_format=None, **kwargs):
# self.rank is 1 for UpSampling1D, 2 for UpSampling2D.
self.rank = len(size)
self.size = size
self.data_format = K.normalize_data_format(data_format)
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=self.rank + 2)
super(_UpSampling, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
raise NotImplementedError
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
size_all_dims = (1,) + self.size + (1,)
spatial_axes = list(range(1, 1 + self.rank))
size_all_dims = transpose_shape(size_all_dims,
self.data_format,
spatial_axes)
output_shape = list(input_shape)
for dim in range(len(output_shape)):
if output_shape[dim] is not None:
output_shape[dim] *= size_all_dims[dim]
return tuple(output_shape)
def get_config(self):
config = {'size': self.size,
'data_format': self.data_format}
base_config = super(_UpSampling, self).get_config()
return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))
class UpSampling1D(_UpSampling):
"""Upsampling layer for 1D inputs.
Repeats each temporal step `size` times along the time axis.
# Arguments
size: integer. Upsampling factor.
# Input shape
3D tensor with shape: `(batch, steps, features)`.
# Output shape
3D tensor with shape: `(batch, upsampled_steps, features)`.
"""
@interfaces.legacy_upsampling1d_support
def __init__(self, size=2, **kwargs):
super(UpSampling1D, self).__init__((int(size),), 'channels_last', **kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
output = K.repeat_elements(inputs, self.size[0], axis=1)
return output
def get_config(self):
config = super(UpSampling1D, self).get_config()
config['size'] = self.size[0]
config.pop('data_format')
return config
class UpSampling2D(_UpSampling):
"""Upsampling layer for 2D inputs.
Repeats the rows and columns of the data
by size[0] and size[1] respectively.
# Arguments
size: int, or tuple of 2 integers.
The upsampling factors for rows and columns.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
interpolation: A string, one of `nearest` or `bilinear`.
Note that CNTK does not support yet the `bilinear` upscaling
and that with Theano, only `size=(2, 2)` is possible.
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, upsampled_rows, upsampled_cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, upsampled_rows, upsampled_cols)`
"""
@interfaces.legacy_upsampling2d_support
def __init__(self, size=(2, 2), data_format=None, interpolation='nearest',
**kwargs):
normalized_size = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(size, 2, 'size')
super(UpSampling2D, self).__init__(normalized_size, data_format, **kwargs)
if interpolation not in ['nearest', 'bilinear']:
raise ValueError('interpolation should be one '
'of "nearest" or "bilinear".')
self.interpolation = interpolation
def call(self, inputs):
return K.resize_images(inputs, self.size[0], self.size[1],
self.data_format, self.interpolation)
def get_config(self):
config = super(UpSampling2D, self).get_config()
config['interpolation'] = self.interpolation
return config
class UpSampling3D(_UpSampling):
"""Upsampling layer for 3D inputs.
Repeats the 1st, 2nd and 3rd dimensions
of the data by size[0], size[1] and size[2] respectively.
# Arguments
size: int, or tuple of 3 integers.
The upsampling factors for dim1, dim2 and dim3.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3, channels)`
while `"channels_first"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
# Input shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, dim1, dim2, dim3, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, dim1, dim2, dim3)`
# Output shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, upsampled_dim1, upsampled_dim2, upsampled_dim3, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, upsampled_dim1, upsampled_dim2, upsampled_dim3)`
"""
@interfaces.legacy_upsampling3d_support
def __init__(self, size=(2, 2, 2), data_format=None, **kwargs):
normalized_size = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(size, 3, 'size')
super(UpSampling3D, self).__init__(normalized_size, data_format, **kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
return K.resize_volumes(inputs,
self.size[0], self.size[1], self.size[2],
self.data_format)
class _ZeroPadding(Layer):
"""Abstract nD ZeroPadding layer (private, used as implementation base).
# Arguments
padding: Tuple of tuples of two ints. Can be a tuple of ints when
rank is 1.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, ..., channels)` while `"channels_first"` corresponds to
inputs with shape `(batch, channels, ...)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
"""
def __init__(self, padding, data_format=None, **kwargs):
# self.rank is 1 for ZeroPadding1D, 2 for ZeroPadding2D.
self.rank = len(padding)
self.padding = padding
self.data_format = K.normalize_data_format(data_format)
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=self.rank + 2)
super(_ZeroPadding, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
raise NotImplementedError
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
padding_all_dims = ((0, 0),) + self.padding + ((0, 0),)
spatial_axes = list(range(1, 1 + self.rank))
padding_all_dims = transpose_shape(padding_all_dims,
self.data_format,
spatial_axes)
output_shape = list(input_shape)
for dim in range(len(output_shape)):
if output_shape[dim] is not None:
output_shape[dim] += sum(padding_all_dims[dim])
return tuple(output_shape)
def get_config(self):
config = {'padding': self.padding,
'data_format': self.data_format}
base_config = super(_ZeroPadding, self).get_config()
return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))
class ZeroPadding1D(_ZeroPadding):
"""Zero-padding layer for 1D input (e.g. temporal sequence).
# Arguments
padding: int, or tuple of int (length 2), or dictionary.
- If int:
How many zeros to add at the beginning and end of
the padding dimension (axis 1).
- If tuple of int (length 2):
How many zeros to add at the beginning and at the end of
the padding dimension (`(left_pad, right_pad)`).
# Input shape
3D tensor with shape `(batch, axis_to_pad, features)`
# Output shape
3D tensor with shape `(batch, padded_axis, features)`
"""
def __init__(self, padding=1, **kwargs):
normalized_padding = (conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding, 2, 'padding'),)
super(ZeroPadding1D, self).__init__(normalized_padding,
'channels_last',
**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
return K.temporal_padding(inputs, padding=self.padding[0])
def get_config(self):
config = super(ZeroPadding1D, self).get_config()
config['padding'] = config['padding'][0]
config.pop('data_format')
return config
class ZeroPadding2D(_ZeroPadding):
"""Zero-padding layer for 2D input (e.g. picture).
This layer can add rows and columns of zeros
at the top, bottom, left and right side of an image tensor.
# Arguments
padding: int, or tuple of 2 ints, or tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints.
- If int: the same symmetric padding
is applied to height and width.
- If tuple of 2 ints:
interpreted as two different
symmetric padding values for height and width:
`(symmetric_height_pad, symmetric_width_pad)`.
- If tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints:
interpreted as
`((top_pad, bottom_pad), (left_pad, right_pad))`
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, padded_rows, padded_cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, padded_rows, padded_cols)`
"""
@interfaces.legacy_zeropadding2d_support
def __init__(self,
padding=(1, 1),
data_format=None,
**kwargs):
if isinstance(padding, int):
normalized_padding = ((padding, padding), (padding, padding))
elif hasattr(padding, '__len__'):
if len(padding) != 2:
raise ValueError('`padding` should have two elements. '
'Found: ' + str(padding))
height_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding[0], 2,
'1st entry of padding')
width_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding[1], 2,
'2nd entry of padding')
normalized_padding = (height_padding, width_padding)
else:
raise ValueError('`padding` should be either an int, '
'a tuple of 2 ints '
'(symmetric_height_pad, symmetric_width_pad), '
'or a tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints '
'((top_pad, bottom_pad), (left_pad, right_pad)). '
'Found: ' + str(padding))
super(ZeroPadding2D, self).__init__(normalized_padding,
data_format,
**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
return K.spatial_2d_padding(inputs,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format)
class ZeroPadding3D(_ZeroPadding):
"""Zero-padding layer for 3D data (spatial or spatio-temporal).
# Arguments
padding: int, or tuple of 3 ints, or tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints.
- If int: the same symmetric padding
is applied to height and width.
- If tuple of 3 ints:
interpreted as two different
symmetric padding values for height and width:
`(symmetric_dim1_pad, symmetric_dim2_pad, symmetric_dim3_pad)`.
- If tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints:
interpreted as
`((left_dim1_pad, right_dim1_pad),
(left_dim2_pad, right_dim2_pad),
(left_dim3_pad, right_dim3_pad))`
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3, channels)`
while `"channels_first"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
# Input shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, first_axis_to_pad, second_axis_to_pad, third_axis_to_pad,
depth)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, depth,
first_axis_to_pad, second_axis_to_pad, third_axis_to_pad)`
# Output shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, first_padded_axis, second_padded_axis, third_axis_to_pad,
depth)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, depth,
first_padded_axis, second_padded_axis, third_axis_to_pad)`
"""
@interfaces.legacy_zeropadding3d_support
def __init__(self, padding=(1, 1, 1), data_format=None, **kwargs):
if isinstance(padding, int):
normalized_padding = 3 * ((padding, padding),)
elif hasattr(padding, '__len__'):
if len(padding) != 3:
raise ValueError('`padding` should have 3 elements. '
'Found: ' + str(padding))
dim1_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding[0], 2,
'1st entry of padding')
dim2_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding[1], 2,
'2nd entry of padding')
dim3_padding = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(padding[2], 2,
'3rd entry of padding')
normalized_padding = (dim1_padding, dim2_padding, dim3_padding)
else:
raise ValueError(
'`padding` should be either an int, a tuple of 3 ints '
'(symmetric_dim1_pad, symmetric_dim2_pad, symmetric_dim3_pad), '
'or a tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints '
'((left_dim1_pad, right_dim1_pad),'
' (left_dim2_pad, right_dim2_pad),'
' (left_dim3_pad, right_dim2_pad)). '
'Found: ' + str(padding))
super(ZeroPadding3D, self).__init__(normalized_padding,
data_format,
**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
return K.spatial_3d_padding(inputs,
padding=self.padding,
data_format=self.data_format)
class _Cropping(Layer):
"""Abstract nD copping layer (private, used as implementation base).
# Arguments
cropping: A tuple of tuples of 2 ints.
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, ..., channels)` while `"channels_first"` corresponds to
inputs with shape `(batch, channels, ...)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
For Cropping1D, the data format is always `"channels_last"`.
"""
def __init__(self, cropping,
data_format=None,
**kwargs):
super(_Cropping, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# self.rank is 1 for Cropping1D, 2 for Cropping2D...
self.rank = len(cropping)
self.cropping = cropping
self.data_format = K.normalize_data_format(data_format)
self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=2 + self.rank)
def call(self, inputs):
slices_dims = []
for start, end in self.cropping:
if end == 0:
end = None
else:
end = -end
slices_dims.append(slice(start, end))
slices = [slice(None)] + slices_dims + [slice(None)]
slices = tuple(slices)
spatial_axes = list(range(1, 1 + self.rank))
slices = transpose_shape(slices, self.data_format, spatial_axes)
return inputs[slices]
def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
cropping_all_dims = ((0, 0),) + self.cropping + ((0, 0),)
spatial_axes = list(range(1, 1 + self.rank))
cropping_all_dims = transpose_shape(cropping_all_dims,
self.data_format,
spatial_axes)
output_shape = list(input_shape)
for dim in range(len(output_shape)):
if output_shape[dim] is not None:
output_shape[dim] -= sum(cropping_all_dims[dim])
return tuple(output_shape)
def get_config(self):
config = {'cropping': self.cropping,
'data_format': self.data_format}
base_config = super(_Cropping, self).get_config()
return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))
class Cropping1D(_Cropping):
"""Cropping layer for 1D input (e.g. temporal sequence).
It crops along the time dimension (axis 1).
# Arguments
cropping: int or tuple of int (length 2)
How many units should be trimmed off at the beginning and end of
the cropping dimension (axis 1).
If a single int is provided,
the same value will be used for both.
# Input shape
3D tensor with shape `(batch, axis_to_crop, features)`
# Output shape
3D tensor with shape `(batch, cropped_axis, features)`
"""
def __init__(self, cropping=(1, 1), **kwargs):
normalized_cropping = (conv_utils.normalize_tuple(cropping, 2, 'cropping'),)
super(Cropping1D, self).__init__(normalized_cropping,
'channels_last',
**kwargs)
def get_config(self):
base_config = super(Cropping1D, self).get_config()
base_config.pop('data_format')
base_config['cropping'] = base_config['cropping'][0]
return base_config
class Cropping2D(_Cropping):
"""Cropping layer for 2D input (e.g. picture).
It crops along spatial dimensions, i.e. height and width.
# Arguments
cropping: int, or tuple of 2 ints, or tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints.
- If int: the same symmetric cropping
is applied to height and width.
- If tuple of 2 ints:
interpreted as two different
symmetric cropping values for height and width:
`(symmetric_height_crop, symmetric_width_crop)`.
- If tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints:
interpreted as
`((top_crop, bottom_crop), (left_crop, right_crop))`
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, height, width, channels)` while `"channels_first"`
corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, height, width)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
# Input shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, rows, cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, rows, cols)`
# Output shape
4D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, cropped_rows, cropped_cols, channels)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, channels, cropped_rows, cropped_cols)`
# Examples
```python
# Crop the input 2D images or feature maps
model = Sequential()
model.add(Cropping2D(cropping=((2, 2), (4, 4)),
input_shape=(28, 28, 3)))
# now model.output_shape == (None, 24, 20, 3)
model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), padding='same'))
model.add(Cropping2D(cropping=((2, 2), (2, 2))))
# now model.output_shape == (None, 20, 16, 64)
```
"""
@interfaces.legacy_cropping2d_support
def __init__(self, cropping=((0, 0), (0, 0)),
data_format=None, **kwargs):
if isinstance(cropping, int):
normalized_cropping = ((cropping, cropping), (cropping, cropping))
elif hasattr(cropping, '__len__'):
if len(cropping) != 2:
raise ValueError('`cropping` should have two elements. '
'Found: ' + str(cropping))
height_cropping = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(
cropping[0], 2,
'1st entry of cropping')
width_cropping = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(
cropping[1], 2,
'2nd entry of cropping')
normalized_cropping = (height_cropping, width_cropping)
else:
raise ValueError('`cropping` should be either an int, '
'a tuple of 2 ints '
'(symmetric_height_crop, symmetric_width_crop), '
'or a tuple of 2 tuples of 2 ints '
'((top_crop, bottom_crop), (left_crop, right_crop)). '
'Found: ' + str(cropping))
super(Cropping2D, self).__init__(normalized_cropping,
data_format,
**kwargs)
class Cropping3D(_Cropping):
"""Cropping layer for 3D data (e.g. spatial or spatio-temporal).
# Arguments
cropping: int, or tuple of 3 ints, or tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints.
- If int: the same symmetric cropping
is applied to depth, height, and width.
- If tuple of 3 ints:
interpreted as two different
symmetric cropping values for depth, height, and width:
`(symmetric_dim1_crop, symmetric_dim2_crop, symmetric_dim3_crop)`.
- If tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints:
interpreted as
`((left_dim1_crop, right_dim1_crop),
(left_dim2_crop, right_dim2_crop),
(left_dim3_crop, right_dim3_crop))`
data_format: A string,
one of `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
`"channels_last"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3, channels)`
while `"channels_first"` corresponds to inputs with shape
`(batch, channels, spatial_dim1, spatial_dim2, spatial_dim3)`.
It defaults to the `image_data_format` value found in your
Keras config file at `~/.keras/keras.json`.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".
# Input shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, first_axis_to_crop, second_axis_to_crop, third_axis_to_crop,
depth)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, depth,
first_axis_to_crop, second_axis_to_crop, third_axis_to_crop)`
# Output shape
5D tensor with shape:
- If `data_format` is `"channels_last"`:
`(batch, first_cropped_axis, second_cropped_axis, third_cropped_axis,
depth)`
- If `data_format` is `"channels_first"`:
`(batch, depth,
first_cropped_axis, second_cropped_axis, third_cropped_axis)`
"""
@interfaces.legacy_cropping3d_support
def __init__(self, cropping=((1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)),
data_format=None, **kwargs):
self.data_format = K.normalize_data_format(data_format)
if isinstance(cropping, int):
normalized_cropping = ((cropping, cropping),
(cropping, cropping),
(cropping, cropping))
elif hasattr(cropping, '__len__'):
if len(cropping) != 3:
raise ValueError('`cropping` should have 3 elements. '
'Found: ' + str(cropping))
dim1_cropping = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(cropping[0], 2,
'1st entry of cropping')
dim2_cropping = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(cropping[1], 2,
'2nd entry of cropping')
dim3_cropping = conv_utils.normalize_tuple(cropping[2], 2,
'3rd entry of cropping')
normalized_cropping = (dim1_cropping, dim2_cropping, dim3_cropping)
else:
raise ValueError(
'`cropping` should be either an int, a tuple of 3 ints '
'(symmetric_dim1_crop, symmetric_dim2_crop, symmetric_dim3_crop), '
'or a tuple of 3 tuples of 2 ints '
'((left_dim1_crop, right_dim1_crop),'
' (left_dim2_crop, right_dim2_crop),'
' (left_dim3_crop, right_dim2_crop)). '
'Found: ' + str(cropping))
super(Cropping3D, self).__init__(normalized_cropping,
data_format,
**kwargs)
# Aliases
Convolution1D = Conv1D
Convolution2D = Conv2D
Convolution3D = Conv3D
SeparableConvolution1D = SeparableConv1D
SeparableConvolution2D = SeparableConv2D
Convolution2DTranspose = Conv2DTranspose
Deconvolution2D = Deconv2D = Conv2DTranspose
Deconvolution3D = Deconv3D = Conv3DTranspose
# Legacy aliases
AtrousConv1D = AtrousConvolution1D
AtrousConv2D = AtrousConvolution2D